الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Inflammatory pain condition is initiated by tissue harm or injury and is regularly led by the accumulation of intrinsic factors that are released from activated neuronal cells, referred to as nociceptors. This gives rise to an increased oxidative stress due to the release of free radicals.
Curcumin is a natural herb that has been used in traditional Indian medicine. It has been tested as an anti-inflammatory product, to be used for treatment of many diseases. This naturally occurring compound is insoluble in water and thus has a limited bioavailability; however, by formulating it to nanocurcumin particles (nCUR), it has developed much less hydrophobicity than native curcumin which enhances its bioavailability. Peripheral injection of formalin to Sprague Dawley rat models have aided in our investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of protection of nCUR against formalin-induced inflammatory pain. By performing behavioural, histological, biochemical, and molecular analyses, we could evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of nCUR. On the other hand, we assessed the expression of level of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/Redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) protein and several other inflammatory markers.