الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Population growth and a lack of renewable water resources need the development of possible solutions to improve the quality and reusability of waters and wastewaters supplies. Continuous technological and industrial innovations that emerge with the growing population produce a wide range of water pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and pharmaceuticals. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a class of synthetic receptors that can be produced from a variety of polymerization reactions involving a target template and functional monomer(s) with functional groups that interact specifically with the template; such interactions can be tailored based on the purpose of designing the polymer and the nature of the target compounds. Using the proper knockout agents to remove the template makes a ”recognition cavity” that can specifically bind to the target template. This is the main way that MIPs can be used in electrochemical sensors. Because of their inherent stability, selectivity, acid-base resistance, low cost, and ease of preparation, MIPs make good materials for water analysis. They are very easy to manufacture. The purpose of the review presented in this thesis is to discuss the most recent MIP applications for detecting various types of water and viii wastewater contaminants from 2015 to 2021, as well as suggested approaches for future applications. The thesis also includes the development of an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) produced with Bisphenol A (BPA) as a template, 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker in a ratio of (1:2:30), respectively. The MIP was inserted into a modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) that contained multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). BPA is an endocrine disruptor that can cause thyroid dysfunction. One of the most serious environmental challenges related to the effects of plastics on human health is the development of sensitive and reliable BPA detection methods. The step-by-step topography of the electrode production stages was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared polymers were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized to investigate the electrode interfacial properties. While the electrochemical response was studied with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The developed sensor demonstrated a linear dynamic range of concentrations from 1 × 10-10 to 1 × 10-4 M (0.023 - 23 ×103 ng/mL) with a detection limit of 8 × 10-11 M (0.02 ng/mL) and a limit of quantification of 2.4 × 10-10 M (0.05 ng/mL). BPA was successfully tested in tap water, a filtered water (water from household purification unit), stored water in a baby bottle, and soft drink samples with recovery ranging from 97.60 to 102.0 percent and RSD values ranging from 0.37 to 2.45 percent, demonstrating that the electrode could be used in real samples. |