الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Umbilical cord acts as a conduit for gas exchange, nourishment and endocrinal homeostasis of the fetus. Umbilical cord clamping signifies a landmark period to transform the fetus to an independent entity. Delayed umbilical cord clamping has been proved to have many advantages for both term and preterm infants as improved neonatal hemoglobin levels at 24 to 48 hours of life, improved iron stores at 3 and 6 months of age and improved neurodevelopmental indices through 4 years of age. Pregestational (also called preexisting) diabetes refers to type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus that is diagnosed before pregnancy. The goal of medical management of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes is to maintain blood glucose concentration at or near normoglycemic levels at the time of conception and throughout the entire pregnancy |