الفهرس 
Systemic Lupus ErythematosusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
As an autoimmunity disorder, SLE could presented with different symptoms, including fatigue and joint pain. Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens are elevated in SLE patients, causing an overactive inflammatory response that damages a wide range of organs, from the kidneys to the heart.
Joint involvement affects found in 90% of SLE patients at some point, and the severity ranging from mild to severe.
An important growth factor during embryonic development, Midkine (MK) has been correlated to a wide range of diseases, including cancer and inflammatory conditions.
There are many conditions in which MK is an anti-apoptotic factor that is presented with a wide range of dysfunctional immune-inflammatory responses that appear to be similar or identical to the pathogenesis elicited by SARS-CoV2 and other pathogens.
When inducible regulatory T cell activation is inhibited by a chemical known as Midkine (MK), inflammation occurs. MK has been shown to promote inflammation in inflamed tissues.
This study’s goal was to find a link between level of serum MK and disease activity in people with SLE.
First, a comprehensive medical history, A medical professional performing a thorough examination.
SLEDAI score is used to determine the severity of illness.
Systemic lupus international collaborative clinics damage index (SDI) used by the American College of Rheumatology to assess damage.
Experiments in the Laboratory:
include:
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
The Immune System’s Profile:
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) by ELISA assay.
The detection of anti-ds DNA is accomplished through the use of an ELISA assay.
Complements can be detected using immunodiffusion plates (C3 and C4)
Serum MK levels are measured using an ELISA kit.
Findings:
The SLEDAI scoring system classified 80% of patients with high activity levels.
Second, the SLECC/ACR damage index was used to categories the patients, and (82.2 percent) had an index of no damage
Third, the serum midkine concentration in the cases was 1.23 ng/ml, while in the control group, it was 0.39 ng/ml.
SLECC/ACR damage index (r = 436 & P = 0.003) and serum creatinine (r = 787 & P 0.001) showed significant positive correlations with serum midkine levels.
Serum MK levels were significantly associated with renal disease in SLE patients (1.26) than in those without (0.53); (p=0.05).
Serum midkine levels were significantly higher in SLE patients with malar rash (1.3) than in those without (0.67); P= 0.044.