الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of
metabolic disease characterized by chronic
hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin
secretion, insulin action or both resulting in impaired
function in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.
Diabetes cause due to either the pancreas not producing
enough insulin, or the cells of the body not responding
properly to the insulin produced. It is characterized by
chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of
carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from
defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
Ginger and Alpha-lipoic Acid have recently
gained attention as a potent antioxidant. The purpose of
the present study is to investigate the effects of daily
oral administration of ginger and alpha-lipoic acid on
erythrocytic parameters; blood glucose level; glycated
hemoglobin, lipid profile; liver glutathione (GSH) and
malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as
histopathological studies of pancreas in normal and
Summary
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diabetic rats. The study was designed to examine the
effect of ginger and Alpha lipoic for treatment of DM
for five weeks.
Forty two male albino rats (150-180gm) were
divided into 7 groups; The first group served as normal
control; received saline solution (0.25 ml). The second
group received alloxan to experimentally induce DM.
The third group received olive oil (the vehicle of ALA )
by gavage tube. group 4: Normal rats were treated with
ginger only. group 5: Normal rats pretreated with alpha
lipoic acid (ALA) only. group 6: Diabetic rats treated
with ginger. group 7: Diabetic rats treated with ALA.
After five weeks of treatment the animals of all groups
were sacrificed and blood was collected for investigate
biochemical parameters and pancreas was removed,
washed with saline and fixated in formaldehyde for
microscopic histological eximination various
biochemical changes and abnormalities were shown in
plasma and pancreas can be categorized as follows:
Diabetic rats exhibited a significant decrease in
erythrocytic parameters. However, there were a
Summary
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significant enhancement in erythrogram of diabetic
animals treated with either ALA or ginger as compared
with diabetic rats. The present results displayed a
significant increase in plasma glucose levels of diabetic
rats. While after treatment with ALA or Ginger a
significant decrease in glucose level were observed as
compared with diabetic rats. ALA exhibit more
hypoglycemic effect than ginger treated group.
Regarding glycosylated hemoglobin; diabetic rats
exihibted significant increase as compared with the nondiabetic
control group. After treatment with ginger or
ALA had markedly lower blood glycosylated
hemoglobin level compared with diabetic
Plasma total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG),
Low density lipoprotein (LDL), were significantly
increase in diabetic rat group. However high density
lipoprotein (HDL), displayed a significant decrease as
compared with control rats. The administration of GN
and ALA had shown a significant decrease in TC, TG,
and LDL- cholesterol, and significant increase in HDLcholesterol
as compared with diabetic rat.
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Malonaldialdehyde (MDA); end product of lipid
peroxidation was elevated in diabetic rats as a marker of
tissue damage and oxidative stress. These values were
decreased in diabetic rats post ginger or ALA extract
treated group. Moreover The liver level of the reduced
glutathione (GSH) was significantly increased in
diabetic group after treated with ginger and ALA.
Microscopic examination of pancreatic tissues
showed marked reduction in the islets of Langerhans
size in the diabetic rat accompanied with significant
decrease in number of beta cells as compared with
control rats. These abnormalities were decrease after
treatment with ginger or ALA. Along with these
findings, this study certified that ALA is more potent
hypoglycemic agent as compared with ginger where it
improves biochemical and histological abnormalities
due to diabetes metabolic disorders.
Summary