الفهرس 
Impact of temporomandibular dysfunction on cervical proprioception and muscle strength
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Abstract
Background: Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is a major and
complicated health problem affects 20-25% of the population that affects
the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and muscles of mastication, resulting
in pain and disability. Objective: to investigate the effect of myogenic
and disc displacement TMD on cervical proprioception and maximum
cervical isometric muscle strength among adults. Methodology: this study
includes three groups; twenty-two participants of both genders in each
group; myogenic (group A), disc displacement (group B) diagnosed
according to revised Research Diagnostic Criteria for
Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) algorithm and healthy
subjects (group C) who had no problems in the TMJ or facial pain. The
pain intensity was assessed by the Arabic version numerical pain rating
Scale, baseline bubble inclinometer was used to assess the TMJ joint
position sense (JPS) and the Lafayette Hand held dynamometer was used
to assess the cervical isometric muscle strength. Results: There was a
statistically significant difference between the TMD groups and healthy
group in the mean value of joint repositioning error (JRE) and cervical
isometric muscle strength except the flexor and extensor muscles in the
myogenic group. Weak correlation exists between the pain intensity and
JRE. Conclusion: The temporomandibular disorders have a significant
negative effect on cervical proprioception and cervical isometric muscle
strength except flexor and extensor strength in myogenic group. Then
each group of the TMDs requires specific assessment of the associated
cervical spine problems and accordingly the suitable treatment selected.