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Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of chitosan (CS) and chitosan nanoparticles (CSN) on rats suffering from dimethoate (DM) and evaluate the effects of CS and CSN on human cancerous cell lines (MCF7, HCT116, A549 and PC3). CSN were prepared based on the ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were determined by size and zeta potential analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR). The average diameter and zeta potential of CSN were 116.5 nm and 6.43 mV, respectively. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of CS and CSN were examined by the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. CSN showed the anticancer activity with the LC50 values of 101.28 og/mL in MCF7, 367.65 og/mL in PC3, 666.67 og/mL in HCT116 and 681.82 og/mL in A549, whereas CS gave the LC50 values of 102.67 og/mL in MCF7, 694.44 og/mL in PC3, 1470.59 og/mL in HCT116 and 769.23 og/mL in A549. The male albino rats treated with CS (500 mg/kg bw), CSN (250 mg/kg bw) and combination between CS (250 mg/kg bw) and CSN (125 mg/kg bw) along with administration of DM (1% DM/corn oil; 20 mg/kg bw) for 3 weeks. The obtained results showed that the treatments generally lowered the DM-induced activities of hepatic enzyme markers (AST, ALT, ALP and LDH), kidneys function parameters levels (urea, uric acid and creatinine) and lipid profile levels (triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-C and VLDL-C) but increased protein profile (protein, albumin and globulin) and HDL-C levels. Also, the histopathological examination showed marked improvements in histological structure of the liver