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Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic packing technique, either during composite application using SonicFill handpiece, or after composite application using Compothixo tool, on the adaptation of two bulk-fill resin composite materials and a universal nanohybrid resin composite. Methods: Forty five freshly extracted, intact, non-carious, non-restored human upper premolars were selected for this in-vitro study. The occlusal surfaces of all teeth were ground flat then two standardized proximal boxes were prepared on each tooth, resulting in 90 prepared cavities. Specimens were then divided into three groups of 15 teeth each, according to the type of resin composite material used; SonicFill resin composite, Tetric EvoCeram bulk Fill resin composite, and conventional Tetric EvoCeram nanohybrid resin composite. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups of 5 teeth each, according to placement technique; manually using conventional application technique without ultrasonic vibration, or by either of the ultrasonic vibrational techniques using the SonicFill handpiece, or the Compothixo tool. In all specimens Single Bond universal adhesive was applied following manufacturer{u2019}s directions in self-etch mode, followed by placement of SonicFill and bulk-fill materials in bulk (4mm), and incremental placement of conventional nanohybrid material. Each material was placed with the three placement techniques according to subgrouping. All restorations were sectioned mesio-distally through the center into two halves, each cut tooth half was then sequentially finished and polished, and ultrasonically cleaned. Pulp chambers of each cut half were blocked, the entire surface of each cut half was coated using nail polish, except for the restoration and 1mm rim at the tooth-restoration interface