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Abstract
Aortic stiffness, measured using carotid femoral pulse wave velocity was found to predict cardiovascular events and represents a surrogate marker of target organ damage in hypertensive patients. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between aortic stiffness and coronary artery disease presence and severity in young Egyptian adults. This study included 120 subjects divided into a coronary artery disease (CAD) group (60patients) and a control group (60 subjects) with further division to subgroups of young and old adults. The study population included 110 males and 10 females. Their age ranged between 23 and 71 years with mean of (46.06 + 14) years. We measured carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, echocardiographic parameters of aortic stiffness. Duplex ultrasound measurements of common carotid and common femoral IMT, superficial femoral artery posterior wall thickness and estimation of CARFEM index were done. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial flow mediated dilation. We recorded coronary angiography results of CAD patients according to number of vessels with angiographically significant stenosis. Aortic pulse wave velocity was higher in CAD patients in comparison with controls. Aortic PWV was correlated with angiographic severity of the disease in young and old patients. Aortic stiffness was also increased with age and blood pressure. Aortic PWV of 9.3 m/s was the cut off value between old CAD and controls with sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 86% respectively. While 6.1 m / s was considered the cut off value to differentiate between young CAD and controls with sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 60% respectively. Aortic stiffness is a powerful predictor of coronary artery disease presence and severity in all age groups. Aortic PWV can be measured simply and safely in all patients to assess their cardiovascular disease risk. It carries a special importance in young patients as it can re-classify them in a higher risk group