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Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease has a worldwide distribution, stray dogs are potential carriers of the disease and contribute to the spread of infection with direct contact to other animal species. In an epidemiological study of leptospirosis in dogs in Egypt, a serological survey was carried out on 189 dogs (167 stray dogs and 22 household dogs) in different governorates (Cairo, Gharbia, Behera, Kafr Elsheiksh and Giza) for determination of the prevalence of leptospira specific antibodies using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against 12 different leptospira serovars and demonstration of the most prevalent serovars. Out of the total examined serum samples, 13 were positive (10 stray dogs and 3 household dogs) with overall seroprevalence of 6.87% (the seroprevalence was 5.98% in examined stray dogs while in the examined household dogs, it was 13.63%). It was noted that the seroprevalence was higher in male dogs (10.14%) than in female dogs (3.06%) which may be attributed to the sexual habit of male dogs during the foreplay phase of mating that includes frequent licking and sniffing of female genitalia (leptospira mainly excreted via urine). It was concluded that the most prevalent Leptospira serovars were Icterohaemorrhagiae (2.11%), canicola (1.58%), georgia (1.58%), pomona (1.05%), alexi (1.05%) and grippotyphosa (1.05%). In another study for evaluation of the efficacy of one of leptospira vaccine used in Egypt (vanguard plus 5 / CV - L), five dogs were vaccinated with primary and booster dose (after 3 weeks) and two dogs kept as control. Blood samples were collected from these dogs before primary vaccination, 3 weeks after primary vaccination (the time of the booster dose) and in monthly interval for four months after booster dose, for monitoring of leptospia serovars (Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola) specific antibodies titers by quantitative microscopic agglutination test MAT