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Abstract
We have previously shown that immunization of outbred rodents with cysteine peptidases based vaccine elicited type 2- biased immune responses associated with reproducible reduction of up to 83% in challenge schistosoma mansoni worm burden. We here start to elucidate the molecular basis of C57BL / 6 mouse resistance to S. mansoni following treatment with the cysteine peptidase, papain. We evaluated the early cytokine signals delivered by epidermal, dermal, and draining lymph node cells of naïve, and S. mansoni-infected mice treated one day earlier with 0 or 50 og papain, or immunized twice with papain only (10 {uF06D}g / mouse), papain free recombinant S. mansoni glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase, which was expressed and showed high purity and significant enzymatic activity but the yield was lower than the original one, and 2 Cys peroxiredoxin peptide (10 and 15 og / mouse, respectively = antigen Mix), or papain-adjuvanted antigen Mix. S. mansoni infection induced epidermal and lymph node cells to release type 1, type 2, and type 17 cytokines, known to counteract each other. Papain pretreatment or papain-based vaccination diminished or shut off S. mansoni infection-induced immunological signals and programmed the immune system towards a polarized type 2 immune milieu, associated with highly significant - P < 0.0001 resistance to S. mansoni infection