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Abstract
Fungal infections are an increasingly frequent cause of neonatal sepsis (NS) in many NICUs, and fungal infections of the newborn are responsible for serious and occasionally fatal disease. Early onset neutropenia (EON) episodes are observed in many preterm infants in the 1st week of life.Neutropenia is a well-known risk factor for candida colonization and invasive candida infection (ICI). This is a cross sectional study aimed to study the incidence of candida infection in premature neutropenic neonates. Fifty premature neonates with EON aged equal or less than 34 weeks were recruited from NICUs of Cairo university children hospital (CUCH), and studied in comparison to 50 non neutropenic premature neonates. Candida infection was detected in 28 of the studied 50 neutropenic premature neonates. Candida infections were significantly higher in infants with mechanical ventilation (p {u02C2} 0.05). Candida infections were significantly higher in infants with central lines insertion (p {u02C2} 0.05). Mortality was significantly higher in prematures with Candida infection (p {u02C2} 0.05)