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Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive phenotype with poor prognosis and response to chemotherapy. Increased vascular endothelial growth factor - A (VEGF - A), insulin like growth factor I (IGF - I), insulin like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF - IR) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF - Ý1) expression were detected in breast cancer. However, little is known about their prognostic and predictive role in TNBC. This study was planned to access the possibility of using VEGF - A, IGF - I, IGF - IR and TGF - Ý1 as prognostic factors and potential therapeutic targets for TNBC patients. Serum and tissue VEG - A, IGF - I, IGF - IR and TGF - Ý1were assessed in 43 TNBC, 53 non - TNBC and 40 normal controls (20 apparently healthy females provided blood samples in addition to 20 normal breast tissues) by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Results were related to clinicopathological factors, survival rates and response to treatment. Positive serum rate of VEGF - A ( {u2265} 412.54 pg/mL), IGF-I ( {u2265}106.96 ng / mL) and IGF - IR ( {u2265}10.1 ng / mL) was significantly higher in TNBC (88.4%, 86% and 90.7%; respectively) compared to non - TNBC (9.4%, 22.6% and 15.1%; respectively) and normal controls 0.00% P < 0.001