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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem and new therapeutic alternatives are under continuous research. This study investigated the potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), as a more abundant and less invasive source to produce functional Insulin producing cells (IPCs) , in comparison to bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) using regenerating pancreatic extract (RPE) of rats. Histomorphological changes for characterization of mesenchymal stem cells were detected all through differentiation. Quantitative real time RT-PCR for insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1) and insulin genes expression was performed. Insulin staining, Immunoassay detection of insulin and C-peptide levels were conducted together with glucose challenge test. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were identified and islet-like cells that stained positive with dithizone were detected. Such cells assembled in increasing clusters by the end of the differentiation process. Differentiated cells of both origins expressed IPF-1 and insulin genes and produced significant levels of insulin and C-peptide with no significant difference in either genes expression or in insulin and C-peptide levels between differentiated cells of ASCs and BMSCs. Interestingly, IPCs produced insulin in response to glucose in a concentration dependent manner, with IPCs of ASCs producing significantly higher insulin levels than those of BMSCs origin. This study demonstrated evidence of the potential of ASCs as a safer, more promising source of IPCs providing a possible future therapeutic option for diabetes