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Abstract
The possibility for developing much higher stresses at the shell - bone or liner-shell interface, also it decreased range of motion before impingement compared to the non - constrained component with possible adverse effects on polyethylene wear and osteolysis. Various modes of failure were reported; Type I: in the shell - bone interface, Type II: in the shell - liner interface, Type III: the locking mechanism, Type IV: bipolar - femoral head interface. In primary hip arthroplasty, its incidence has been reported to be between 0.6% and 9.9%. With revision surgery, it can be as high as 20%