الفهرس 
Development and Evaluation of A Turfgrass Aeration Machine
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Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop, manufacture and evaluate aeration machine for turf grass. To achieve this goal, the study covered four items: calculations the force to penetrate soil for turfgrass aeration machine, Find out the function subsystems component for turfgrass aerator machine, manufacturing the turfgrass aerator machine and field tests of the designed machine in actual operations. The field test study was carried out using three tine diameters (1.27, 1.9 and 2.54 cm) at two depths (5 and 8 cm) with three tractor forward speeds (1.5, 2 and 2.7 km / h.). The machine was tested to study the effect of aerator machine on some physical soil properties, performance of different treatments (Field capacity and field efficiency of system, fuel consumptions and energy consumed, slips of the tractor wheels, cost analysis) and turfgrass plant chemical constituents (chlorophyll A and B and total carotene) and in some element as percentage (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)). Results showed that reduction in bulk density with all treatments and the effective treatment was 0.780 g/cm³ at 8 cm depth, tine diameter of 1.27 cm and forward speed of 1.5 km / h. The high increasing value of void ratio was 1.950 at 8 cm depth, tine diameter of 1.27 cm and forward speed of 1.5 km/h. and the effective treatment of soil porosity was 66.090% with same treatment