الفهرس 
Application of New Technologies to Increase Nitrogen Fertilizers Use Efficiency
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Abstract
A field experiment was carried out on clay soil at Agricultural Research Station, El Giza, Egypt, cultivated with maize variety of single three cross 324 hybrids (Zea mase L.) during the growing summer season of 2018 and 2019, to study the potential benefit of applied different forms and doses of nitrogen (i.e., coated urea + starch; urea + gypsum + elemental Sulfur; ammonium sulfate + gypsum + elemental sulfur; Ammonium sulfate + starch; uploaded ammonium sulfate + zeolite, ammonium sulfate and urea without treatment, on maize growth parameters, yield, some yield attributes, yield quality, and nitrogen use efficiency. The applied treatments of the studied nitrogen were coated and uploaded, with special reference to the control treatment (ammonium sulfate and urea without treatment). Plants were planted into plots with an area of 10.5 m2 (3×3.5 m) in a split-split plot design, with three replicas for each treatment. All nitrogen used previously recorded was added for all treatments. Soil plots were plowed twice in two ways after receiving superphosphate fertilizer (15 % P2O5) at a rate of 200 kg acre-1. Also, potassium sulfate (48 % K2O) was added at a rate of 100 kg acre-1 in two equal doses, i.e., after 15 and 40 days from planting at different rates for each treatment 100% N (recommended dose at a rate of 120 kg acre-1), 75 and 50% N from the recommended dose.
Data obtained showed that:
For applied nitrogen forms, coated or uploaded, results revealed a trend similar to all parameters of growth, nutritional status, yield, yield quality, and application management of maize plants grown in clay soil.The studied nitrogen sources followed the descending order: urea + starch > ammonium sulfate + zeolite > urea + gypsum + elemental sulfur ≥ ammonium sulfate + gypsum + elemental sulfur > Ammonium sulfate + starch > ammonium sulfate > urea, respectively, under all nitrogen applied rates used.
from the results, it can be concluded that the application of urea or ammonium sulfate nitrogen either in coated or uploaded forms especially urea + starch and ammonium uploaded under 75% nitrogen rate of application increased maize crop yields and quality as well as improved the nutritional status of plants, grains, with the relatively higher ability for increasing availability of macro and micronutrients in soil under soil application. The rate of applied nitrogen of 25% N reduced the studied increased the traits,while use efficiency.