الفهرس 
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The study showed, The four variables collectively explained the variations of NDVI, with OLS model R2= 0.17, while with GWR model R2= 0.46. Vegetation Changes detected ,the area of dense vegetation decreased from 1,207.913 km2 in 2010 to 673.92 km2 in 2020, The total of very low vegetation amounted to 525.7896 km2 . LST changes detected, In 2010, the total area of the LST less than 40°C, formed 52.9%, while the total area of the LST more than 40°C formed 47.1% in 2020 the total area of the LST less than 40°C, formed 8.2% ,while the total area of the LST more than 40°C formed 91.8%. Quantitative analysis of urban growth, Al-Baydah city urban has increased from 17.707 km2 in 2010 to 35.952 km2 in 2020; Shahat city has increase from 4.161 km2 in 2010 to 22. 367 km2 in 2020; the study area witnessed unbalanced and unsustainable urban growth. Suitable analysis, suitable landfill areas (8%), total area 188.35 km2.