الفهرس 
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Abstract
Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a traditional and cultural procedure that includes all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injuries to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
The most commonly claimed reasons for FGM/C were social conventions, religion, ensuring premarital virginity and marital fidelity, enhancing marriageability, and cultural values of femininity and modesty. The female genitalia is thought to be filthy and unattractive, and the clitoris contains toxins. It is thought to cause impotence in men and to be harmful to the infant after delivery. One of the major reasons for FGM/C is this belief.
Female genital mutilation/cutting has been performed by christians, Muslims, and Animists. The practice was also common in the U. S. of America and Europe in the early 19th century when cutting of genitals was wont to treat psychological disorders, and prevent masturbation also as “clitoral enlargement”, epilepsy, and hysteria.
Female genital mutilation/cutting is a global problem that affects women and girls all over the world. Over 200 million girls and women have been subjected to female genital mutilation (FGM) globally. In Africa, every five minutes a girl undergoes FGM. In Egypt, although the prevalence of FGM/C among females aged 15-49 declined from 97% in 1985 to 87% in 2015, the prevalence remains high despite governmental efforts.
The present study was carried find out about FGM in Beni-Suef Governorate through:
The present study was carried find out about FGM in Beni-Suef Governorate through:
3. Assess the prevalence, causes and effect of FGM at Beni-Suef
4. Estimate the knowledge, attitude and intentions of females toward the practice of FGM.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to achieve the aim of the current study. The study was conducted in family health centers (FHCs) at Beni-Suef Governorate. A Convenient sample was used. A pre-designed structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were collected through personal interviews. The questionnaire was divided into six sections: Section I: demographic and personal data. Section II: Knowledge of females regarding FGM/C. Section III: Attitudes of females regarding FGM/C. Section IV: Intention to practice FGM/C. Reasons for practicing FGM/C and reasons for refusing FGM. Section VI: Female Sexual Function Index (FSDI).
The present study revealed the following main results:
• The prevalence of FGM/C was 71.4%.
• The mean age of the studied participants was 22.6±5, most of them were rural residents (70.4%).
• Non-mutilated females constituted 28.6% of the studied females. Among them, 39.9% were medically examined by physicians or other mutilators to know whether they needed to be mutilated or not.
• In more than half of mutilation cases (51%), the mother was the person responsible for the mutilation decision.
• Medical professionals carried out 85.4% of the FGM/C procedures (physicians and nurses).
• More than half of the participants (51.3%) the females did not know the type of FGM/C they were exposed to. Among those who knew, type I (16.2%) was the most commonly reported type.
• The prevalence of FGM/C was found to be lowest among highly educated females (94.4%), most of their mothers were educated (82.2%), and most of their fathers were educated (90.7%).
• In the current study, only 25.7% of females had good knowledge about FGM/C.
• Most participants (87.3%) in the current study were aware that FGM/C has health effects, about 29.7% of participants in the current study are suffering from complications after FGM.
• Almost half of the females (56%) had a misconception that FGM/C does not affect a woman’s sexual satisfaction, and 14.4% of the participant stated that the reason for continuing FGM was to decrease the sexual desire of females. There was a significantly higher Desire domain of 5.8±1.8, Arousal domain of 13.7±2.9, Lubrication domain of 16±3.4, Orgasm domain of 11.7±2.6, Satisfaction domain of 13.3±2.4, and Total score of 64.3±10.8 among not circumcised married participants than circumcised ones. But the Pain domain didn’t differ significantly between circumcised 9.7±3.3 and not circumcised 9.3±2.2.
• More than one-third of females (35.5%) had an unfavorable attitude towards (supporting) FGM/C.
• About 29.4% of females aged 18-60 had the intention to mutilate their daughters. About 22.2% of females who are exposed to a complication from FGM intend to mutilate their daughter.
• Traditions and culture was the main reason for performing FGM/C as stated by females (77.4%), followed by religious requirements 21.7%. Decrease the sexual desire of females (14.4%).
Conclusion
The prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation and Circumcision (FGM/C) in Egypt is still higher despite the health consequences of the procedure. Most females have a negative opinion of those who supported Fgm/C and its continuation. There was a significant association between rural residence, lower mother and father education, marriage, and the presence of circumcision. Most of the participants in the current study did not suffer from complications after FGM. However, most of the circumcised married suffer from sexual dysfunction. Among females, the main reason for rejecting FGM/C was the negative effects on health, particularly psychological and sexual.