الفهرس 
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Abstract
The soil is crucial in satisfying all the necessities of mortal beings and is a significant segment of our agriculture. In general, it is necessary to measure the accessible content of copper, zinc, and manganese to know the extent of their availability for crops in these soils. Soil contamination may be due to the accumulation of heavy metals and metals through emissions from rapidly expanding industrial areas, mine tailings, disposal of high mineral waste, leaded gasoline, paints, intensive use of fertilizers in the soil, animal manure, sewage sludge, pesticides, and irrigation with water sewage, coal combustion residues, and atmospheric deposits. This work was conducted to determine the soil factors that might affect the chemical behavior of trace elements in clayey, calcareous, and sandy soils. The goals of this study required selecting three locations, and three represented soil samples were used and collected from Hihia county, El-Sharkia governorate, El-Noubaria County, the Northern part of the Tahreer Province, and the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture at El-Khattara, Zagazig, University, El-Sharkia Governorate. The study was executed with the principal pursuit of scrutinizing the clay, calcareous and sandy soils for their physicochemical analysis and their total and available contents of Cu, Zn, and Mn ions. The results revealed that the textures of Hihia, El-Noubaria, and El-Khattara soils were clay, sandy loam, and sandy soils. The conductivities were 2.10, 3.72, and 0.75 dS.m-1, while the CaCO3 values were 58.00, 171.00, and 18.8 g.kg-1. Moreover, the atomic absorption technique measured the total and available contents of Cu, Zn, and Mn ions of the three soils. The stabilization of Cu, Zn, and Mn in clay, calcareous, and sand soils was studied by introducing different concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn (100-500 mg/kg) to 20 g of each soil in 20 mL distilled water. The DTPA-extractable Cu was the most available and had lower fixation in the studied soils. While the DTPA-extractable Zn and Mn were less available in soil solution and were more accumulated in the clay, calcareous, and sand soils. The chemical extraction process studied the successive extraction of Cu, Zn, and Mn after incubation with DTPA solution that was repeated eleven times. Each extract was used to estimate the available Cu, Zn, and Mn ions. The DTPA-extractable Mn represents a minimal concentration from total Mn content, probably because most of this element was found in forms hard to be extracted with DTPA. Moreover, the mobility and leaching of heavy metals were minimal. The total leaching of copper ions was 12.34, 0.72, and 0.18 mg/L for clay, calcareous, and sandy soils. Zinc ions’ mobility and total leaching were 15.48, 9.27, and 18.01 mg/L for clay, calcareous, and sandy soils, respectively. Besides, the mobility and leaching of Mn ions were 7.23, 10.18, and 9.77 mg/L for clay, calcareous, and sandy soils. Cu, Zn, and Mn ions were retained by forming insoluble compounds with the soil constituents. The accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Mn in plants was studied by the pot experiments of each soil of clay, calcareous, and sand soils under greenhouse conditions. The sequential extraction technique was applied to separate soil microelements’ chemical arrangements (Cu, Zn, and Mn). The purpose of the consecutive extractions was to solubilize the Cu, Zn, and Mn in the exchangeable, organic matter, manganese oxide, amorphous iron oxide, and crystalline iron oxide fractions. The remaining solid portion was separated into the sand, silt, and clay sizes, and each was melted and examined for these elements. Soil chemists employ these systems also to explore the native states of microelements in soils and the fixation and mobility of these microelements. Hence, the studied soils are safe and suitable for cultivating many crops and fruit trees.