الفهرس 
Honeybee and treatments
Residues of the antimicrobial drugs in bee honey samplesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 100 |  |  |
| | | from | 100 | | |
Abstract
Antimicrobial drugs are worldwide used in apicultural practices for the control of honeybee diseases. Overuse of antimicrobial drugs may leave residues in beehive products which causes a risk to the bees and human health. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the residue concentrations of three common antimicrobials (tylosin, sodium sulfademedin, and septazol) used to control honeybee infections, as well as to investigate the effects of antimicrobials on bee biology, physiology, and honeybee gut microbiota. Honey was collected 42 days (2 generations of the worker development) post-treatment for HPLC analysis; honeybee activities (brood-rearing and pollen areas) were evaluated at 5 intervals (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 days) post-treatment. Worker life-span and hygienic behaviour were evaluated. Metabolic reserves (body carbohydrates, lipids and proteins), phenol-oxidase,