الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract An integrated method for standardization of propolis using chromatographic, spectroscopic, palynological and biological analyses was implemented in this study. Digitally-enhanced HPTLC images using dual visualization approach with four image analysis software packages adopting different digitalization algorithms were comparatively evaluated i.e.; Sorbfil TLC View®, ImageJ®, JustTLC® and Gel Analyzer®. ImageJ® and Gel Analyzer® showed superior figures of merits in case of flavonoids and phenolic acids quantitation, respectively. Unsupervised and supervised multivariable pattern recognition models were constructed for comprehensive discrimination between the three propolis types (blue, orange and green) collected from various geographical locations worldwide. HPTLC-ESI-MS was utilized for precise identification of the discriminatory phytoconstituents. Fingerprint-efficacy relationship analysis was conducted via an Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure multivariate model to unravel the bio-efficient markers in terms of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition as main targets. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, isoferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and quercetin were found to be the main healthrelevant markers. A complementary fast, |