الفهرس 
Shells and its Utilizations from the Beginning of the Old Kingdom to the End of the Late Period
ABSTRACTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This research concentrates on the mollusks’ shells. The study first begins with a simple zoological introduction to study mollusks that include gastropods and bivalves. The study also defines the shells in the ancient Egyptian language.
The thesis endeavours to present the different symbolisms of shells, such as rebirth, fertility, and protection. It shows the deities and religious symbols related to shells, and the association of shells with these deities and symbols.
The research involves the daily utilizations of the bivalve shells as ready-made palettes used by scribes and the representations of these ink-shells in reliefs and sculptures. It also shows the bivalve shells’ usage as ready-made containers used for cosmetics and the shell-shaped cosmetic spoons. The study also presents the shells’ utilizations in the medical recipes and the shells’ usage in inlaying technique and colors industry.
Finally, the study deals with utilizing different species of natural shells as jewelry, such as bracelets and necklaces. It presents shell-shaped jewelry that made from different materials, such as gold and silver. It shows the representations of the shell-shaped jewelry in reliefs and sculptures. It also shows the jewelry made of carved beads of natural shell.