الفهرس 
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Abstract
Station, Agricultural Research Center (ARS), Egypt (Latitude 30° 35’ 30” N, Longitude Two field experiments were carried out at the Ismailia Agricultural Research 32° 14’ 50” E and Elevation 13 meters above the sea level), during two successive winter growing seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021) in sandy soil to investigate the effects of biochar and deficit irrigation as well as some nitrogen mineral fertilizer sourcees on wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yields and their components, plant chemical composition, actual evapotranspiration (ETa), crop coefficient (Kc), consumptive use efficiency (CUE), water productivity (WP), water and nutrients utilization efficiencies as well as some soil hydro-physical and chemical characters. The study was laid out in a split-split plot design within completely randomized block design with three replicates. Irrigation levels were assigned to the main plot as three levels (50%, 75% and 100% of the filed capacity). The sub plots included biochar at four rates (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg biochar / m2). Sub-sub plots were occupied by recommended dose of nitrogen from three sources as sulfur coated urea (SCU), commercial urea (U) and ammonium sulfate (AS) for wheat and barley experiment. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Masr one) was sowed on, December, 4 (2019) and barley crop (Hordeum vulgare L. Giza 134), was sowed on, December, 16 (2020). Plant samples were collected at tillering, booting and maturity stages (i.e. 45, 75 and 133 days after sowing from wheat and and 47, 77 and 139 days for barley). Dry matter, yield and its components, NPK uptake, actual evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and water and nutrients utilization efficiencies were assessed. Also, soil samples were collected at harvest to evaluate the status of some available macronutrients and chemical characters in soil. The obtained results could be summarized as follows.