الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
H
ypertension is a major public health problem due to its high prevalence all around the globe. Around 7.5 million deaths or 12.8% of the total of all annual deaths worldwide occur due to high blood pressure. It is predicted to be increased to 1.56 billion adults with hypertension. Raised blood pressure is a major risk factor for chronic heart disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Elevated BP is positively correlated to the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease.
Aim of the study
Was to assess risk factors among patients with primary hypertension through:
• Assess patients’ knowledge regarding hypertension.
• Assess patients’ health habits as nutritional, smoking, activity and stress.
• Assess patients’ beliefs and attitudes regarding hypertension.
Research question
What are the risk factors among patients with primary hypertension?
Research Design:
A descriptive exploratory design was used to accomplish in this study.
Setting:
This study was carried out in the out-patient clinics (Saturday, Monday) at El- Obour Hospital for Health Insurance, Kefir El-Sheikh Governorate, which serve patients with aged 18 and above. This department located at El- Obour hospital in which patients receive care and treatment.
Subjects:
Purposive sample consists of 80 patients from out-patient clinics at El-Obour Hospital for Health Insurance, Kefir El-Sheikh Governorate.
Subjects criteria
Inclusion criteria as: Individuals with aged 18 and above in the selected study area who are willing to participate in the study were included. Patients with primary hypertension gave consent for participation were considered.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria as: Individuals who are unable to give response due to serious physical or mental illness were excluded from the study. Patients with secondary hypertension.
Tools of data collection
Tool (1): Self-administered questionnaire: patients were handed a questionnaire with question derived from the WHO steps instrument to collect:
Part 1: data about sociodemographic information (age, gender, marital status and educational year).
Part 2: medical history (history of hypertension, medication or advices received, family history of hypertension, history of diabetes, current and past illness).
Tool 11: Risk factors assessment tool including: health habits
Part 1: smoking status (number of cigarettes/day, smoking duration and other forms of tobacco), diet (frequency of fruits and vegetables intake), physical activity (type and frequency of physical activity, and sedentary behavior).
Part 2: weight and height measurement: weight and height were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated during the analysis using the following formula:
BMI = weight (kg) / height (M) 2.
Study result
The main result of this study was the following:
• The total number of patients (80) was enrolled in the study and the majority (85.0%) of the studied patients aged more than 50 years old.
• It was observed that two third of the studied sample (66.3%) lived in rural areas.
• Regarding level of education that two fifth of the studied sample (40.0%) were illiterate.
• It was observed that three quarters of the studied sample (75. 0%) were married.
• Regarding to occupation that one third of the studied sample (33. 8%) were Retired.
• Regarding the duration of hypertension that nearly half of patients (48.8) were diagnosed with hypertension from less than 10 years.
• Approximately half of patients (47. 5%) had family history of hypertension.
• As regarding to smoking habits that the majority of study patients (81.3%) had never smoked cigarette
• More than one third of the studied patients (37. 5%) were add salt in cooking the food and less than quarter of them (26. 3%) were drink coffee.
• As regarding to body weight and weight reduction that half of the studied patients (51.2%) were obesity (BMI).
• The minority (5.0%) of the studied patients always performed sports to exercise.
• As regarding to Knowledge about hypertension that one third of study patients (32.5) were understood what is hypertension
• As regarding to Maintain Blood Pressure at a Normal Level revealed that the majority of studied patients (83. 3%) were taking medication regularly.
• The more than half of studied patients (57.5%) were taking prescription medications to control their hypertension.
• Approximately half (43. 8%) of patients were always to control irritations in their life and more than one third (40. 0%) of them had felt that were on top of things.
• The obesity plays an important role in hypertension was reported agree by more than three quarter of studied patients (78.8%) and walking daily help maintain a regular blood pressure was reported agree by the majority of them (81.3%).
• There was a statistically significant relation was found between patient’s knowledge score and age.
• There was a highly statistical significant association between age of the studied patients and total beliefs level.
• There was a highly statistical significant association between age of the studied patients and total knowledge level.
• There was a positive association between total knowledge level and total stress of study group.
Conclusion
from the results of the presented study, it can be concluded that:
More than half of studied patients had poor knowledge about hypertension, approximately half of patients of studied patients diagnosed with hypertension with duration less than 10 years and one third of subjects were understood what is hypertension, the majority of study patients had never smoked cigarette.
More than one third of the studied patients were add salt in cooking the food and less than quarter of them were drink coffee, More than half of studied patients were obese and the minority of the studied patients always performed sports to exercise, One third of study patients were understood what is hypertension,
As regarding to Maintain Blood Pressure at a Normal Level revealed that the majority of studied patients were taking medication regularly, The more than half of studied patients were taking prescription medications to control their hypertension,
The obesity plays an important role in hypertension was reported agree by more than three quarter of studied patients and walking daily help maintain a regular blood pressure was reported agree by the majority of them, Approxmately half of patients were always to control irritations in their life and more than one third of them had felt that were on top of things.
There is a highly statistical significant association between age of the studied patients and total knowledge level (p=0.612*), There is a highly significant association between the studied patient’s occupation and total knowledge level (p=185 *), There is a highly statistical significant association between accommodation type and total knowledge level (p=0,679). There is a positive association between total knowledge level and total stress of the study group (p=<0.001**).
Recommendations
In the light of the finding of the current study, the following recommendations were suggested:
• Enhance preventive methods of hypertension, health education by mass media and another strategies are essential at every governmental and non-governmental work sector.
• Developing and applying a screening tool at the primary health care level for early detection of high risk population is recommended.
• Developing programs such as food labeling, nutrition intervention, and physical activity toward control hypertension.