الفهرس 
Expression Of Pd-L1 In Renal Cell Carcinoma (Histopathological And Immunohistochemical Study)
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the 14th most common cancer in
the world and the most lethal urinary tract cancer. RCC is heterogeneous group
of diseases which is chemo/radio resistance. Fortunately, it is known to respond
to immunotherapy. Based on the understanding of the interaction between
immune system and cancer, cancer immunotherapy modalities of treatment have
been developed. Of these modalities, immune checkpoints inhibitor is among the
most important and recent treatment. Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is
one of the two ligands of Programmed Death-1 (PD-1); an important immune
checkpoint regulator. Clinical trials using PD-L1 antibodies have shown
promising results in various cancers. Based on clinical trials some of these
antibodies have recently approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for
clinical use.