الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Unwanted facial hair in women is linked to mental anguish, decreased quality of life, depression, and social isolation owing to humiliation, as shown by various research.
Unwanted hair may be treated in a variety of ways, including surgical removal, laser hair removal, electrolysis, and/or aesthetic procedures. The latter include electrolysis and light-based treatments, which destroy hair follicles, and mechanical and chemical hair removal methods (including creams, bleaching, shaving, and waxing).
When it comes to getting rid of excess hair, laser hair removal is now the gold standard. For laser hair removal (LHR), skin types IV–VI benefit most from the longer wavelengths of 1064 Nd:YAG and 810 nm diode because they can reach deeper into the dermis and more efficiently target deeper hair with fewer side effects.
The current study aims to compare the effects of Diode and 1064 Nd:YAG lasers for hair removal by analyzing their clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical effects on the skin.
Twenty healthy females who wanted to shave their hair were included in this research. Twenty female volunteers each had eight treatments with a Diode laser for left axillae and eight treatments with an Nd:YAG laser for right axillae , with one month in between treatments.
There were four clinical approaches used for evaluation: dermoscopy with hair counting, hair reduction percentage, self-assessment, and measurement of hair shaft diameter. When looking at the two axillae side by side, the left side (diode laser) had improved significantly after one month using all four measures of effectiveness.
By 1 month following the last treatment session, the average number of hairs in each axillae had dropped by almost 50% compared to pre-treatment levels. Additionally, it was greatly reduced after diode laser treatment compared to ND-YAG laser treatment. One month following treatment, the regrown hairs in both axillae seemed fine and faintly pigmented compared to their pre-treatment appearance.
The average percentage of hair removal from before treatment to one month after the final session for ND:YAG and Diode lasers, respectively, was 64.3% and 88.3%.
At 1 month post-treatment, the diameter of hair shafts in both axillae had decreased significantly from baseline levels, with the loss being more pronounced on the Diode side than on the ND: YAG side.
All of the participants had 4-mm punch probes used to take skin biopsies for transverse section analysis. Meanwhile, PCNA and p53 expression in hair follicles was assessed by immunohistochemical investigation before and after therapy began.
Transverse skin biopsies were used to examine follicular histology from the epidermis to the subcutis in the current investigation (infundibular, sebaceous, eccrine and subcutaneous).
The average number of hair follicles (terminal + real vellus + vellus-like hairs) at the infundibular level was not substantially lower 1 month after treatment compared to baseline in either side.
One month after the last session, there was a statistically significant decrease in the percentage of total number of terminal hair follicles on both sides, and an increase in the percentage of total number of vellus hair follicles (including true vellus and vellus-like) on the left side compared to baseline and to the right side, while the number of follicular units did not change significantly on either side.
At 1 month post-treatment, the percentage of terminal anagen hair follicles had decreased significantly (more so on the diode side than the ND-YAG side) while the percentage of terminal telogen hair follicles had increased significantly on the right side and vellus like hair follicles had increased significantly on the left side compared to baseline. Despite the fact that the proportion of terminal catagen hair follicles did not vary significantly from the beginning of the study.
It was found that 1 month after therapy, the number of terminal anagen hair follicle bulbs present at the subcutis level on both sides was lower than before treatment.
Based on the results of the immunohistochemistry analysis, it may be concluded that the proliferation rate of hair follicles was significantly reduced on the Diode side. Significant upregulation of p53 was also found, suggesting that ND-YAG-induced DNA damage may have favored apoptosis.
In conclusion, both Diode and ND-YAG lasers were efficient for hair reduction, although the diode was more effective, particularly for long-term hair reduction by induction of miniaturization of hair follicles. This is because the’melanin’s greater absorption value falls with increasing wavelength,’ making the shorter wavelength (diode) laser the preferred option.