الفهرس 
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Abstract
Caring behaviors are actions that are concerned with the well-being of a patient, such as sensitivity, comforting, attentive listening, honesty and nonjudgmental acceptance. These caring behaviors affect the patient safety and the quality of care. Therefore, it is important to consider the importance of caring behaviors within nursing education. Caring behaviors are influencing by several factors, such as hospital related factors, personal factors, institutional factors, patient related factors, and professional related factors.
Aims of the study:
1-Assess caring behaviors from nursing students’ perspectives in Technical Nursing Police Institute.
2-Explore the factors influencing caring behaviors from nursing students’ perspectives in Technical Nursing Police Institute.
Research questions:
1-What are the caring behaviors from nursing students’ perspectives in Technical Nursing Police Institute?
2- What are the factors influencing caring behaviors from nursing students’ perspectives in Technical Nursing Police Institute?
Materials and methods:
Research design:
A descriptive exploratory research design was utilized for this study.
Setting:
The study was conducted at the Technical Nursing Police Institute in Alexandria. This Institute is affiliated to Ministry of Interior. It was started at the academic year 2009-2010 as 5 years Institute of Nursing. The specialty of the Institute is Critical Care and Emergency Nursing.
Subjects:
The total numbers of students was 150 nursing students who enrolled in fourth and fifth academic level during the second semester of the academic year 2019-2020. The first, second and third academic level were not included in the study because the institute did not accept students for three years.
Data of this study was obtained by using the following tools;
Tool 1: Caring Behavior Assessment Scale (CBAS):
This tool was a standardized scale which was developed by Cronin and Harrison in (1988) to investigate patients’ perceptions about caring behaviors. The CBA Scale is based on Watson’s Human Caring Theory and caritas process (Cronin & Harrison, 1988). The reliability of this scale was tested in Saudi Arabia. The tool was slightly modified by Shalaby, Janbi, Mohammed and Al-harthi in 2018 and the modifications included rephrasing of all 63 statements so that each statement reflected the perception of the nursing students’ instead the patients as indicated on original tool. It was translated into Arabic language by the researcher to assess nursing students’ perspective about caring behaviors.
The CBAS includes 63 items; each item of the CBAS contains a brief expressive statement that reflects the interpretive statements of caring behaviors.
The scale was divided into seven subscales; each subscale contains certain items which represent
1- Humanism/faith-hope/sensitivity (16 items) such as treat the patient as an individual, and make the patient feels that someone is available for his/her needs.
2- Helping/trust (11 items) such as really listen to the patient when he/she talk, and come into the patient room just to check on him/her.
3- Positive/negative feelings expression (4 items) such as encourage the patient to talk about how he/she feels, and deal with the patient as a human being not an object.
4- Teaching/ learning (8 items) such as answer the patient questions clearly, and teach the patient about his/her illness.
5- Supportive/protective/corrective environment (12 items) such as understand when the patient needs to be alone, and use a soft, gentle voice with the patient.
6- Human needs assistance (9 items) and existential/ such as help the patient with care until he/she is able to do it for his/herself ,and give the patient treatments and medications on time.
7- Phenomenological /spiritual forces (3 items) such as know how the patient feels, and help the patient feel good about him / herself.
Tool 2: Factors Influencing Caring Behaviors from Nursing Students’ perspectives Structured Interview Schedule:
This tool was developed by the researcher based on the review of related literature to explore the factors influencing caring behaviors from nursing students’ perspectives.
It consists of 59 items about factors influencing nursing students’ caring behaviors from their perspectives.
The scale divided into four categories , each category contains certain items which represent:
1-Personal related factors (13items) such as interest and respect to nursing profession, sense of responsibility toward the patient.
2- Professional related factors (8 items) such as presence of enough professional knowledge to demonstrate caring behaviors, therapeutic communication with patients
3-Organizational related factors consisted of 2 factors which included:
Institute related factors (18 items) such as integration between theory and clinical practice, competency and qualification of nurse educators.
Hospital related factors (11 items) such as coordinate between health institution and nurse educators, nursing staff act as a role model in relation to caring behaviors.
4-Patient related factors (9 items) such as gender of the patient, number of patients.
In addition to personal and academic data such as; age, gender, academic years, previous academic achievement ,previous courses about caring behaviors, clinical experiences in hospital, and length of clinical experiences in hospital.
Method
- The necessary approvals to conduct the present study were obtained.
- The tools were tested for its content validity by five experts in the related field such as Nursing Education and Critical Care Nursing in order to put the tool in its final form.
- A pilot study was carried out on 10% of the sample size, nursing students from the study setting to test the clarity, feasibility and applicability of the study tools. These students were excluded from the study sample.
- Data collection was carried out at the Police Technical Nursing Institute in Alexandria at the end of the second semester of the academic year 2019-2020.
The main findings of the study were as follows;
- More than half of the nursing students 66.0% had a high perspective regarding the importance of caring behaviors.
- The nursing students had a high perspective regarding the expression of positive/ negative feelings, humanism/faith-hope/ sensitivity, supportive/protective/ corrective environment, human needs assistance, teaching/learning, existential/phenomenological/ spiritual forces, and finally helping/trust as caring behaviors, with a mean percentage score (76.60%,75.14% , 73.45%, 73.18%,72.63%, 71.73%, 68.55%) respectively.
- The majority of the students (96.7%) had high perspectives regarding the factors influencing caring behaviors.
- The nursing students had high perspectives regarding personal factors, institutional factors, hospital related factors, professional related factors, and finally patients related factors as factors influencing caring behaviors with a mean Percentage Score (90.21%, 87.21%, 87.20%, 82.53%, 74.14%) respectively.
- A statistically significant correlation was observed between all factors influencing caring behaviors and each other (0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000) respectively.
- A statistically significant correlation was observed between nursing students’ caring levels, their professional related factors and their patients’ related factors (0.002, 0.000) respectively.
Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the nursing students had high awareness regarding all dimensions of caring behaviors. Moreover, nursing students highly emphasized the importance of caring behaviors. Therefore, it is important to consider hospital-related factors, personal factors, institutional factors, professional-related factors, and patient-related factors in order to improve nursing students’ awareness and implementation of caring behaviors.
Recommendations
- Based on the findings of the present study, it can be recommended that:
Regarding nursing education
- Caring behaviors must be incorporated into undergraduate curricula in teaching, learning activities and students’ evaluation.
- Workshops should be conduct to nurse educators and students to increase awareness about caring behaviors.
Further researches
- A study to assess student interns’ caring behaviors.
- A study to assess patients’ satisfaction regarding nursing students’ caring behaviors.
- A study to investigate the relationship between nursing caring behaviors and personal attributes.