الفهرس 
Aim of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The mature nail organ comprises the nail matrix, the nail bed, the nail plate, and the nail fold. The nail can be the first clue to different types of cutaneous or systemic diseases. The nail examination is underutilized and should be a part of every annual full body skin check. Several different types of conditions can involve the nail.
Nail disorders comprise approximately 10% of all dermatological conditions. Various dermatological conditions, systemic diseases, infections, ageing process, internal and external medication, vascular insufficiency, physical and environmental agents, trauma, neurological abnormalities, nutritional deficiency and both benign and malignant tumors, may affect any portion of the nail unit.
Various nail abnormalities result in pain or interference with functioning or both. Nail disorder may affect walking, picking up of fine objects and protective function. Abnormal nails are of utmost clinical importance, especially when they are the only presenting feature without any other apparent signs and symptoms of a disease. Hence, nail provides us insight of window looking through which one can establish the diagnosis. Various dermatological conditions that characteristically involve the skin and hair may also involve the nail.
Variety of nail changes can occur in various dermatological, systemic and other conditions. The nail unit is capable of only a limited number of reaction patterns; therefore, many diseases share similar changes, but correlation of the nail changes helps dermatologist to reach conclusive diagnosis.
Nail dermoscopy was initially used only in the assessment of nail pigmentation, but now it is widely utilized for the evaluation of many nail disorders. In daily practice, dermoscopy may confirm clinical diagnoses and guides in the management of nail diseases and treatments, permitting a better visualization of symptoms. Dry dermoscopy is required for evaluation of the nail plate surface, while gel as an interface is necessary for assessment of nail pigmentation and onycholysis, as well as for the evaluation of the distal nail margin. In this review, we describe the dermoscopic features of the most important nail disorders, looking at the different areas of the nail.