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Abstract
Ovarian inactivity is one of the most important causes of low fertility in farm animals in most of developing countries with high economic losses due to low calf and milk production. The present study was carried out to investigate the present status of ovarian inactivity in cows at upper Egypt. Special interest was given to monitor the most important predisposing factors, the relationship with oxidant/ antioxidant status and polymorphism of CYP19 gene. The incidence of ovarian inactivity was traced in records of 11361 cows admitted to veterinary clinics at different cities at Benisuef governorate during 2015. Moreover, a total number of 260 crossbred cows at Benisuef city was assigned for the current study. These animals were examined for ovarian activity by rectal palpation. Progesterone assay was used to confirm the activity. Cows were categorized into a group having ovarian structure and a group showing bilateral smooth inactive ovary. Blood samples were used to determine plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu). The allelic patterns of the PCR product of exon 2 of CYP19 gene was analyzed and the 351bp, containing exon was amplified followed by sequence analysis. Results of case records analysis revealed that the incidence of ovarian inactivity at Benisuef governorate during 2015 average 17.13% from animals suffered from reproductive disorders. Alwasta city showed the highest incidence while Beba city showed the lowest incidence