الفهرس 
Title : Evaluation of treatment-related complications in advanced retinoblastoma
ContantsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the complication profile and safety evaluation of supraselective intra-arterial melphalan chemotherapy in children undergoing treatment with advanced retinoblastoma. Methods: fifteen eyes of 13 children with advanced retinoblastoma (Reese-Ellsworth group Vb or International Classification Groups C, D and E) were treated with supraselective intra-ophthalmic artery infusion of melphalan. Eleven eyes of nine children had previously failed traditional management with systemic chemotherapy and laser ablation and underwent intra- ophthalmic artery infusion of melphalan as an alternative to enucleation. Serial ophthalmic examinations, retinal photography, and ultrasonographic imaging were used to evaluate treatment regime. Results: Ophthalmic artery cannulation was successfully performed in 15 eyes of 13 patients (total 22 times). Striking regression of tumor, subretinal and vitreous seeds were seen early in each case. No severe systemic side effects occurred. Grade III neutropenia was seen in one patient. No transfusions were required. Three patients developed a vitreous hemorrhage obscuring tumor visualization. Ten patients developed periocular edema associated with inferior rectus muscle inflammation per orbital MRI. This same patient had scattered intraretinal hemorrhages and peripapillary cotton wool spots consistent with a Purtscher{u2019}s-like retinopathy that resolved spontaneously. At the 6- month follow-up examination, nine eyes had no evidence of tumor progression, whereas three eyes were enucleated for tumor progression. In each enucleated case, viable tumor was identified on histopathologic examination