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Abstract
The study investigated PCR based DNA fingerprinting in a set of three species of annona L. (Annona squamosa, Annona cherimola and Annona Abdelrazek; the hybrid between them) using RAPDs (5 primers) and ISSRs (5 primers). The RAPD and ISSR markers were analyzed using SPSS program and the results were presented in two dendrograms to address the relationships among the samples studied. The three Annona species were screened for the presence of major phytochemical compounds. Anonna extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids as major groups. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of volatile oil of three species were performed. In addition, structural analysis via HPLC-ESI-MSn, UPLC-HESI-MS/MS and NMR reported 63 secondary metabolites in the three Annona species. Seven flavonoids are identified as rutin, kaempferol 3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside, astragalin, kaempferol, quercetin, hirsutrin and luteolin-7-O-Ý-D-glucopyranoside. Five alkaloids are identified as liriodenine, lanuginosine, oxostephanosine, stepharine, and coclaurine. The biological evaluations of the three species took place through the determination of their in vitro antioxidant effect. The more pronounced extracts were in vivo investigated as anti-gastroulcerative agent in rats. The stomach histopathological study was done for results confirmation. In conclusion, Annona cherimola and the hybrid extract recorded the most in vitro antioxidant effect and served as anti-gastroulcerative agents