الفهرس 
Polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of chromosomal and plasmid borne virulence genes in yersinia enterocolitica in meat and its products
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Abstract
Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in meat and meat products were estimated. A total of 470 samples of meat and meat products (beef burger, luncheon, canned beef, basterma, sausage, hot dog, minced meat, kofta, imported frozen meat and local meat) were examined by traditional and rapid method (PCR using 16S r RNA gene, 330bp). The prevalence of Y. enterocolitica was higher in meat (9.68%) than in meat products (3.47%). The isolation rate was markedly higher in imported meat (14.29%) in comparison with the local meat (4.55%). All samples of canned beef were negative. The highest isolation rate among the meat product samples was from luncheon (4.72%) and sausage (4.35%) and the lowest was in basterma (2.33%). Y. enterocolitica was isolated and identified biochemically and 24 positive samples confirmed by PCR using the 16S rRNA identification gene. On the other hand 12 isolates were tested for virulence chromosomal and plasmid-born genes. All 12 samples showed the chromosomal born genes ail, yst B, while 11 and 3 isolates were positive for the plasmid genes yad A and virF respectively