الفهرس 
Impact of dexmedetomidine infusion on desflurane consumption and hemodynamics during laparoscopic cholecystectomy :Randomized and controlled study
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Abstract
Desflurane is the most expensive inhalational agent so it is better to maintain its anesthetic effect with a lesser amount for cost consideration and reducing the incidence of any adverse effects. Previous studies reported that dexmedetomidine reducedthe anesthetic consumption concerning sevoflurane, isoflurane and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol together with intraoperative hemodynamic stability as well asreduction of postoperative analgesic requirements. However no study was performed on dexmedetomidine effects on desflurane consumption. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered as a 2gold standard3 treatment of choice for cholelithiasis. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is, usually, used to produce pneumoperitoneum (PP) during laparoscopic surgical procedures. Both CO2 and PP cause adverse cardiovascular and hemodynamic effects