الفهرس 
Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to nalbuphine in patient controlled analgesia for post-operative pain in laparoscopic surgeries
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Abstract
That effect rules that once nalbuphine maximum plasma concentration has been reached, incremental doses do not potentiate its analgesic effects or increase the risk of respiratory failure. However, such effect is considered a double edged sword. It relatively minimizes the risk of nalbuphine side effects but on the other hand prevents increasing the drug intensity with limited pain control effect. Forty patients aged 18-65 years subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery in Theodor Bilharz Research Institute were included in the study.Thus, the present study aimed to intensify nalbuphine analgesic effect with minimal side effects by the addition of the Ü-2 adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine. All these were framed by the use of patient controlled analgesia apparatus which enables patient to receive additional doses of nalbuphine for pain control when needed