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Abstract Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Around 30-40% of colorectal cancers are located in the rectum, accounting for 5% of malignant tumors, and ranking as the fifth most common cancer in adults. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer, five-year survival rates continue to hover around the 50% mark. For cancers limited to the bowel wall, the survival rate climbs to 83%-90%, and drops to less than 10% if there are distant metastases, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment |