الفهرس 
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Abstract
This in vitro study was conducted to compare the influence of root canal final irrigation with chitosan, ACV, citric acid, and EDTA on root dentin microhardness using Vickers microhardness tester.
Twenty-eight single-canaled extracted human mandibular premolars with mature apices were selected for this study. Teeth were decoronated, and canals were chemomechanically prepared utilizing PTN rotary system up to file X3 together with NaOCl irrigation. Roots were longitudinally sectioned into halves. Each root half was finished, polished, and embedded into acrylic resin block leaving dentin surface exposed. Specimens were randomly assigned into four groups based on the final irrigant: group I: 0.2% chitosan, group II: 5% ACV, group III: 10% citric acid, and group IV: 17% EDTA. Each specimen was immersed in 10 mL of the respective irrigant for 3 min. Microhardness measurement was performed using Vickers tester before and after immersion.
Data were then recorded and statistically analysed. Along the complete canal length, ACV showed significantly less median percent reduction in microhardness than EDTA (P = 0.015). No statistically significant difference was present between the other groups. The comparison between different root thirds within each group revealed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) regarding the median percent reduction in dentin microhardness.
It was concluded that ACV is a promising natural product that can be used as a final rinse in RCT owing to its relatively moderate effect on root dentin microhardness. On the contrary, chitosan solution, as a chelating agent, did not show the ability to mitigate the unfavourable effect on root dentin microhardness when compared with the other tested solutions. As for citric acid, it had an intermediate effect on root dentin microhardness.