الفهرس 
Acknowledgement
Water resourceOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Although, the Eastern Desert of Egypt forms about 22% of the surface area of the country, the area is undeveloped due to the limited availability of water. These study aimed to know the groundwater occurrence, quantity, quality and its suitability for agriculture , industry or domestic purposes the factors that required for development of the studied area. As the area is crossed by Assiut, Sohag and Qena – Safaga road.
Groundwater is the main source of water especially in the Egyptian deserts where surface water is not available. The eastern desert and its valleys are considered one of the priority areas for development based on the groundwater as a principal source for different activities. Wadi Qena is one of the most important valleys in the Eastern Desert, it lies on the axis El Saeed - the Red Sea, which was created to link between Asyut and Sohag cities. To achieve an integrated development plan for this valley, hydrogeological studies were applied for evaluating groundwater potential and assessment of the future development activities of this valley in the field of agriculture and land Reclamation. The main objective of this research is to investigate the hydrogeological characteristics of the study area, evaluate groundwater potential and to simulate the proposed development scenarios based on groundwater during the period of 50 years of operation. To achieve the objectives of the research, wells inventory include locations and extractions for all production wells have been carried out in the study area. The total amount of extraction concentrated in the south part of the study area.
A numerical groundwater flow package Visual modflow was used and the evaluation of the present conditions has been simulated. The modeling was used to test the proposed scenarios for groundwater development for 50 years. The results of the current research indicated that groundwater potentiality could be classified as medium (at the southern part) to low (at the northern part) and any further groundwater extraction should be controlled in future.
The present study aimed to define the main subsurface lithelgic units in the area. recogneize the water-bearing formation and their lateral and vertical extension..define the water quality based on characterizing resistivity.
The study area covers that part surrounding the new Sohag -Qena-Red Sea road in Wadi Qena covering a surface area of about 450 km2 between the latitude 26 38 28 N to 26 45 30 N longitude 32 44 20 E to 32 58 10 E
The study of groundwater resources in the arid regions has a great importance to the scarcity of water resources. So, the present work aims to identify the main aquifers in WadiQana area. WadiQana is a wide valley in Estern desert Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were measured in the study area by using AB/2 ranging from 1.5 to 500m. The quantitative interpretations of the field curves exhibited four geoelectrical successions and each succession is formed of seven geoelectrical units and there are two main water-bearing units act as aquifers, where the third geoelectrical unit appears in the south of the study area act as Quaternary aquifer and the sixth geoelectrical unit appears in the north of the study area act as Nubian aquifers. Ten water samples have been analyzed for different water quality parameters. The results reveal that TDS values are more than 1000 ppm where groundwater becomes unsuitable for drinking and other domestic uses and could be used for irrigation and some industrial activities under certain precautions.
In order to achieve the aforementioned aims, the following investigations are carried out:
Review of the literature that dealt with geomorphology, geology, hydrogeology and water resources management studies of the area.
Hydrological investigations for available existing water points (collecting all relevant data).
Collection of representative water samples.
Chemical analysis of groundwater samples.
Estimating hydraulic parameters of the Quaternary and Nubian aquifers of Wadi Qena using pumping tests.
Recommendations for mitigation of the groundwater problems in the study area.
Thirteen Vertical Electrical Sounding ‘‘VES’’using schlumberger array with AB/2 ranging from 1.5m to 600m and MN/2 from 0.5m to 90m. The VES’es were distributed to cover most of the study area based on the topography and site accessibility. The ABEM Terrameter SAS300 instrument was used in measurements.
The VES data was tested for odd values in the field by measuring several times to obtain actual data. The apparent resistivity values were plotted against AB/2 on a bilogarthemic prepares to obtain VES curves. The VES curves were drown and smoothed using IP2Win software (2014) . The smoothed curves were analyzed automatically by the same software and verified by the Known subsurface lithology obtained from the existing ground water wells
Chemical analysis for all the collected water samples was carried out in the Laboratory of Desert Research Center including major cations and anions in addition to the total dissolved solids (TDS) and pH values.
In the laboratory of the faculty of agriculture Assuite university water sample was analyzed to define the Bicarbonate and carbonate content . Chloride. . Magnesium. . Calcium. Potassium and Sodium content.
Generally from the study the following Conclusion can be achieved
1- Four to five geoelctrice layer were identified
2- The first geoelectric layer shows high resistivity range from 80000 Ω - 30000 Ω correspond to gravels and sand on in most vesꞌs of WadiQena with thickness range from 0.5m in some ves increasing to 6m meters in other ves.
3- The second geoelectriclayershowresistivitychanging from 30000 Ω -7000Ω correspond to dry sand and gravels intercalated with clay lenses with thickness range from 1.5 m to 30m.
4- The third geoelectric layer has resistivity range from 3000 Ω to 50Ω with a thickness range from 5 m to 150m this layer is considered the water- bearing sediments in the study area.Thickness of this layer increase south ward indicating good water quality. However, the resistivity increasing also south ward pointing to good water quality.
5- The depth to thewater- bearing layer is changed from shallow depth 30m at ves no 7 to deep depth 158m at the ves no 14.
6- Generallythe ground water in wadiqena is found near to the surface the distance between water table and the surface is about 50-70 m
7- The ground water is found in sandstone rock