الفهرس 
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Abstract
Salmonella species are important zoonotic pathogens that cause gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals. Poultry meat and their products contaminated with these pathogens are one of the major sources of human Salmonella infections. The continuous spread of multi-drug resistant Salmonellae has become a serious worldwide health problem. It presents a risk for the treatment of salmonellosis in both humans and animals. The current study investigated the occurrence, characterization, and antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal Salmonellae isolated from different chicken cuts and washing water. A total number of 260 chicken samples (45 chicken liver, 45 chicken thigh, 160 chicken neck, and 10 washing water) were collected from several shops and small-scale poultry processing plants distributed in Cairo and Giza Governorates, Egypt. Salmonellae were detected, identified, and finally serotyped using the recommended methods. Isolated serovars were subjected to antibiotic profiling for the most common used antibiotics in veterinary and human medicine especially carbapenem and colistin. Screening of resistant genes for carbapenem (blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaNDM, blaIMP, and blaVIM) and colistin (mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-6, mcr-7, mcr-8, and mcr-9). Different Salmonella serotypes including S. Kentucky, S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Anatum, and S. Blegdam were detected in 22 chicken samples. InvA and stn virulence genes could be identified in all Salmonella isolates. All serotypes were susceptible to carbapenem and colistin and did not hold any of the tested carbapenem and colistin-resistant genes. S. Anatum showed resistance to 12 antibiotics from all tested sets, however, S. Kentucky showed resistance to 6 antibiotics. Meanwhile, S. Blegdam exhibited resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic acid only. S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were susceptible to all antibiotics examined. Our data suggested that S. Anatum and S. Kentucky were considered MDR Salmonellae. Results support the presence of MDR Salmonellae in chicken meat with a possible extension of such resistance to other antibiotics. The prudent use of antimicrobial medications in both animal and human care settings could act as a barrier against the emergence of MDR strains. In this context, continuous updating of the antibiotic resistance profile is a noteworthy challenge facing both human and animal health sectors.