الفهرس 
Toxoplasma gondii StrainsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that infects a broad range of mammals, including humans, causing toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic inimmunocompetent individuals (Shakibaie et al., 2020). Meanwhile,immunocompromised people are at a great risk of developing lifethreateninginfection (Kodym et al., 2015). Therefore, toxoplasmosis isregarded as a dangerous and even a potentially fatal disease in theimmunocompromised patients and newborns (Montazeri et al., 2017).Toxoplasmosis chemotherapy that depends on combined therapy has many disadvantages that need to be avoided (Konstantinovic et al., 2019). As a result, it is critical to adapt the present regimen to find treatment that can suppress parasite replication while also enhancing immune response with fewer or no side effects. On the other hand, probiotics are beneficial bacteria that when administered in sufficient doses, support the host’s health (Hill et al., 2014). Their immunomodulatory effects are primarily attributed to the activation of cytokines release as the interferon gamma, the interleukins, the transforming growth factor, the tumor necrosis factors, and the chemokines produced by immune cells, which further control the immune system (Foligné et al., 2010). By stimulating cytokines release, probiotics can stimulate an adaptive immune response and provide a network of signals between various immune cells (Kelly et al., 2004).Moreover, the parasite and the host’s immunity have a complicated correlation that influences the course and severity of infection (Maraghi et al., 2019). As a result, an effective immune response plays a crucial role in the disease resistance, which can be mediated by the release of cytokines like IFN-γ, which are necessary for the parasite proliferation and dissemination control (Harker et al., 2015; Manuel et al., 2020).As a result, the goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of the RH virulent strain of T. gondii in an animal model.In completion of this aim, the study was conducted on ninety Swiss albino male mice. Thirty mice served as a control group, ten mice were uninfected untreated control mice (GI), and twenty mice were infected untreated control mice (GII). Another sixty mice served as an experimental group, twenty mice were infected and treated with SMZ-TMP (GIII), other twenty mice were infected and treated with Lactobacillus probiotics (GIV) and the remaining twenty mice were infected and treated by Lactobacillus probiotics combined with SMZ-TMP (GV). The mice were infected IP by a dose of 2.5 x 103 tachyzoites/mouse of RH virulent strain. Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics were given orally at a dose of one billion per mouse administered daily starting from the first day till the 14th day of the experiment and SMZ-TMP was given orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. It was started from the infection day and was continued daily for 7 days. Lastly, fifty mice were sacrificed on the 7th days PI, ten mice from each group.