الفهرس 
Recurrent Early Pregnancy LossOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 112 |  |  |
| | | from | 112 | | |
Abstract
Intrauterine lesions are present in 25-50% of infertile patients. (1) Structural abnormalities of the uterine endometrial cavity affect reproduction outcomes because they interfere with implantation or cause spontaneous abortions (2). Therefore, accurate diagnosis of any endometrial pathology in the patient is an important step. (2, 3) During the last decades, hysterosalpingography (HSG), hysteroscopy, sono-hysterography, and trans-vaginal sonography (TVS) have been developed to evaluate the uterine cavity; each has its own advantages and disadvantages (4-7). TVS is universally considered the initial, non-invasive procedure for assessment of intrauterine lesions. (8) Hysteroscopy allows for direct and three-dimensional (3D) visualization, and sampling of the uterine cavity. Although considered the gold standard (9), it is not as affordable and comfortable as TVS, which has relatively lower patient discomfort (4). Since the introduction of the hysteroscopic technique, the procedure has undergone considerable modifications, leading to an increase in patient compliance and tolerance. Fiberoptics, smaller caliber of the endoscopes, use of simpler distention media, and availability of safer local infiltrative anesthetics have all contributed to the increased use of this technique to evaluate the uterine cavity in the office setting. (10, 11)