الفهرس 
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Abstract
Salmonellosis is a global major public health problem; it’s a widespread, persistent, and contagious disease worldwide. It reasoned by Salmonella enterica bacterial infection. This study aimed to test alternative methods for handling salmonellosis-causing bacteria. Hence, nanoparticles, plant extract and bacteriophages, as a promising biocontrol agent, could be proposed as alternative strategies against certain antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing salmonellosis.
In our study, two isolates of salmonellosis-causing bacteria S. enterica were isolated and characterized biochemically using the automated Vitek 2 system. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated Salmonella enterica bacteria was assessed against selection of antibiotics. The two isolates showed resistance against the most tested antibiotics used, and consider (MDR) bacteria.
To overcome this problem, two types of nanoparticles (Silver & Chitosan) with different concentrations, were used on two S. enterica isolates. Nano silver affected on the bacteria, but Nano chitosan didn’t. Also cytotoxicity of those nanoparticles were tested, Nano chitosan was safer on the living cells than Nano silver, which produced detectable changes in the living cells including various morphological abnormalities and alterations, and including cell rounding.
As an alternative safe treatment, two medical plant extracts were used (Moringa oleifera and Punica granatum). With different concentrations, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of those plants wer