الفهرس 
Acute Kidney Injury (AKIOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is an increasing major health problem worldwide. It is associated with considerable co-morbidity and mortality.
Despite the widespread use of peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation, hemodialysis (HD) remains the main renal replacement therapy in most countries worldwide. Renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation are increasing the burden on health system .
Chronic kidney disease is devastating due to poverty, lack of awareness among individuals with family history of diabetes, hypertension, or kidney disease. Screening and treatment of diabetes and hypertension are cheaper than treating kidney disease. CKD is one of the primary cause of premature death and economic cost on both the public and private sector
Identified risk factors for CKD are hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic glomerulonephritis, smoking, autoimmune disease, family history of kidney disease, nephrotoxic drugs, poor education level and infectious disease next to poor sanitation, poor clean and safe water supply.
Patient and methods:
One thousand patients on regular hemodialysis were included in this cross retrospective real life study in Fayoum governmental hospitals and fayoum university hospital, Egypt. Data was collected from the patients or relatives and also from their medical records. Inclusion criteria is age group between 18-60 years and exclusion criteria are patients who did not live in Fayoum governorate, congenital anomalies, less than 18 and over 60 years.
Results :
This study includes male to female ratio as 68.5% and 31.5% respectively.
The mean age of patients was 49+ 10.1 years. The most common causes of end stage renal disease were HTN and stones by 46.1% and 25.4% respectively followed by the unknown cause and HTN and DM were 10.3% and 6.8% respectively.
Conclusion :
Hypertension followed by renal stones were the most common cause of ESRD in Fayum Governorate followed by unknown cause.
Keywords :
End Stage Renal Disease, Fayum Governorate