الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The ocean and the atmosphere are closely coupled. The coupling occurs at the interface through exchange processes (the ocean surface). These exchange mechanisms determine the energy and mass balance of the ocean.Ocean water covers a large portion of the Earth’s surface and is the world’s largest collector of solar energy. It is critical to maintaining the global energy balance and prevents the Earth’s surface from continuously heating up from solar radiation. The ocean also has a significant influence on atmospheric processes. The ocean thermal energy budget represents the heat exchange processes over the ocean surface, which are important because the ocean stores and releases thermal energy. Solar energy absorbed by the ocean heats the surface water, although the surface loses thermal energy through re-radiation, evaporation, conduction, and convection.