الفهرس 
Effect of wire cinch back during orthodontic leveling and alignment stage in adults with moderate crowding :A randomized clinical trial
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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of cinch back of wire during leveling and alignment on upper and lower anterior teeth in adult patients with moderate crowding. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on patients with moderate crowding, with age range from 18 to 25 years old, recruited from the outpatient clinic of the department or orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry-Cairo University. Patients were divided randomly into two groups: group (A): control group (non-cinch back) included 6 males and 15 females.group (B): intervention group (cinch back) included 6 males and 15 females. In each group 22 slot MBT brackets, banded first molar and (.014, .016,.018, .016 x .022) NiTi wires were used. NiTi wires were heated and cinched after first molar band in group (B). Each patient was followed up every 3 weeks and when the16 x 22 SS wire fit passively, leveling and alignment were considered completed. Pre and post Cephalometric radiographs and digital casts were performed to assess the dental changes. Results: The study results showed that cinch back of the NiTi wires during leveling and alignment stage failed to prevent proclination of upper and lower incisors