الفهرس 
Hysterography , 3D ultrasonography , and hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of intrauterine abnormalities in infertile patients
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Abstract
The causes of female infertility are multi-factorial and necessitate comprehensive evaluation including physical examination, hormonal testing, and imaging. To date, the standard method for assessing these structures typically involves some combination of transvaginal sonography (TVS), hysterosalpingography (HSG), and hysteroscopy (HSC).The goal of this review is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of TVS, HSG, and HSC for diagnosing abnormalities in infertility patients to determine if all studies are necessary for pre-treatment evaluation. In our study 3D TVS was able to detect more cases of fibroid than the other two modalities. On the other hand hysteroscopy was able to detect more polyps and HSG was able to detect cavity deformities and or irregularities without missing. Accuracy tests for 3DUS compared to hysteroscopy for detection of anomalies was 89.86%. Accuracy tests for HSG compared to hysteroscopy for detection of anomalies was 82.61%. Endometrial pathologies, specifically endometrial polyps, were more frequently identified on direct visualization with HSC than on TVS and HSG