الفهرس 
Applications of laser technology in analysis of archeological wall paintings
”تطبيقاث تقنيت الليزر لتحليل الصور الجداريت الثريت”Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Wall paintings have been cultural expressions of human creation throughout history, from the earliest beginnings, such as rock art, extending up to present day murals. The present analytical study, combines micro-Raman, ATRFTIR, XRD, UV/Vis and ESEM/EDX analyses, of ten bulk samples were collected from the wall paintings of the Ramses II temple in ancient city Memphis (Mit Rahina village) Egypt. Appropriate representative samples including preparation layer,organic binder and different visible colors (red, brownish red and brownish yellow), were collected to provide information about the technology of the paint layers. The given here results can conclude the following: 1-The pigments used in Ramses II temple by the ancient artist were native not import. 2-The tone of the brownish red and brownish yellow colors are created by the ancient artist by blending hematite, goethite and maghemite pigments. 3-The paintings of Ramses II temple was executed in the style of the tempera and not of the fresco, where the pigments were mixed with the organic binder. 4-The presence of sodium chloride salts in the structure of the samples, whether on the surface of the samples or inside the structure in the form of crystallized, which formed a significant damage to the wall paintings.5- Raman spectroscopy proved to be the best diagnostic technique to give a full information of the ancient masters, because that can indicate pigments, halite crystals, organic binder and inorganic material