الفهرس 
Micropropagation of some olive cultivars via somatic embryogenesis
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to induce callus and somatic embryogenesis on olive cvs. using different of explants and growth regulators. To induce callus the used explants were cultured on full strength MS medium with 2ip or TDZ combined with either 2, 4-D, IBA or NAA 5 or2.5 mg L-1 and incubated in dark. The obtained callus was sub-cultured on {u00BD} strangest MS media supplemented with 2ip or TDZ without auxin and incubated either in low or high light intensity conditions. The obtained results showed that callus induction% and callus weight were higher on cotyledons fragment compared with the embryos.The highest callus induction percentage was recorded on media containing TDZ+NAA at 5mg L-1 in Coratina cv, TDZ+ IBA at 5mg L-1 in Arbequina cv.And TDZ+NAA at 2.5 mg L-1 in Kalamata. The highest weight was obtained by TDZ +IBA at 2.5 mg L-1 in Coratina and Arbequina cv. 2iP +2,4 D at 2.5 mg L-1 while in Kalamta cv. TDZ+2,4 D at 2.5 mg L-1 recorded the highest weight. Callus texture and color was not affected by explants type, callus color ranged from white to the brown according to the used growth regulators and the dominant callus type was compact.The highest somatic embryogenesis was obtained by 2ip and the globular embryo was developed successfully under low light intensity. A single node cuttings of Kalamata were cultured on (OM and modified DKW media) supplemented with Zeatin. Rooting was tested on {u00BD} OM, or {u00BD} modified DKW with IBA or NAA. OM had higher sprouting percentage compared with the modified DKW. OM supplemented with zeatin at 2.5 mg L-1 recorded higher sprouting percentage compared with the zeatin at 5 or 7.5 mg L-1.OM media showed the maximum number of shoots and leaf number compared with the DKW media. Increasing the cytokinin concentration in the proliferation medium increased the shoots number. The different rooting treatment failed to gave a positive result