الفهرس 
Different modalities used for fixation of methyl methacrylate in cranioplasty
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Abstract
The repair of skull bone defects is known as cranioplasty. Historically, such procedures date as early as 3000BC, where the Incas used gold to cover cranial defects resulting from trauma. Defects in the skull bone exist most commonly as a result of surgical craniectomy which may have been performed for one of many indications, and less commonly, due to non-surgical causes such as penetrating skull injuries and congenital skull defects. Indications for cranioplasty included mainly cerebral protection, cosmetic reasons, and management of trephine syndrome. Control of epilepsy has been a much debatable indication since the 1940s. Recently, studies have shown that cranioplasty also has a functional role in that it improves cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism