الفهرس 
Immuno- and genotoxicity investigation on gesaprim herbicide in rabbits and the ameliorating role of akropower
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Abstract
Atrazine (Gesaprim®) is the most widely used broad-spectrum herbicide in the universe. Unintentional overspray of Atrazine (ATR) poses a potential immune- and genotoxic impacts. Akropower® is a nutritional adjuvant, consists mainly of licorice root extract fermented with Aspergillus oryzae (glycyrrhizic acid); vitamin c (ascorbic acid) and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). The molecular mechanisms responsible for ATR-induced immunotoxicity, however, are little understood. We aimed at elucidating the exact immune- and genotoxic mechanisms of ATR in rabbits and the ameliorating role of Akropower® against such toxic effects. Forty male New Zealand white rabbits (1.5 kg±20%) were utilized and appointed into 4 equal groups. group 1: control; group 2: Received ATR at 1/10 LD50 (2475 ppm) via food; group 3: Received Akropower at 1 ml/liter/day via drinking water; group 4: Received both ATR and Akropower associatively by the same mentioned dosage and course. Atrazine and akropower exposure was accomplished for 60 days. Both control and treated animals were vaccinated after 4 weeks of experiment by s/c injection of 0.5 ml of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). Atrazine exposure resulted in significant reduction in lymphoid organs weight; significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin levels; significant decrease in serum RHDV antibody titer only after four weeks of vaccination; up-regulation of spleen Fas and Caspase-3 genes; down-regulation of thymus IL- 9 gene; significant decrease in the diameter and thickness of skin reaction to tuberculin; leucopenia; lymphopenia beside induction of oxidative stress (significantly increased blood MDA and decreased GSH level). Histopathological alterations in liver, spleen and thymus gland were also observed